Newton's backyard beekeepers could face new rules if conservation advocates get their way — but scientists and local beekeepers say the issue is more complicated.

The Newton Conservators, a local environmental group, are urging the city to require residents to register private honeybee hives, arguing that tracking hive numbers would help protect native pollinators. The Conservation Commission has not proposed a rule change or scheduled a public hearing.

Supporters say a registry would help the city understand how many honeybees are in Newton and monitor changes over time as backyard beekeeping grows.

But a 2024 Boston University study conducted in Newton found honeybees and native pollinators can coexist. Researcher Richard Primack said habitat loss and pesticides are bigger threats to native insects than backyard hives.

Local beekeepers also oppose a registration requirement, calling it unnecessary. They say native bees are struggling because of fewer wildflowers and increased lawn maintenance.

Newton's current apiary rules only apply to conservation land, limiting hives on city property and requiring inspections and annual renewals. Private backyard hives are not covered.

The debate centers on a larger question: whether managed honeybees compete with native bees for limited resources. Conservation advocates say more data is needed, while researchers and beekeepers argue the city's bigger focus should be restoring pollinator habitat.

For now, the Conservation Commission has not scheduled any action on private hive registration. Residents can follow future agendas through the city's website.